Acne is one of the most common skin conditions, affecting millions of people worldwide across various age groups. Although it is most commonly observed during adolescence, it is not limited exclusively to this period. A significant proportion of adults—including those in their 30s and 40s— suffer from acne, which often affects both their appearance and their psychological well-being.
Differences between adolescent and adult acne
Adult acne differs from adolescent acne in terms of the morphology and distribution of lesions:
It is characterized primarily by non-inflammatory lesions (ulcers), which rarely result in permanent scarring.
In women, it most commonly appears in the lower part of the face (the jaw, chin, and lower cheekbone area).
In contrast, adolescents often exhibit a diffuse distribution of lesions across the entire face.
Factors that contribute to the development of adult acne
The pathogenesis of adult acne is multifactorial and involves both endogenous and exogenous factors.
1. Hormonal changes
Hormonal fluctuations are a key factor in triggering flare-ups:
● During menstruation.
● During and after pregnancy.
● After discontinuing contraceptive medications.
● During perimenopause and menopause.
The clinical picture usually improves once hormone levels stabilize; however, in cases of persistent acne, a dermatological evaluation is required.
2. Psychological stress
Stress triggers the release of androgens, which stimulate sebum production. Excessive sebum production can contribute to new lesions. Practicing stress-reduction techniques (e.g., yoga, meditation, physical exercise) can indirectly help control acne.
3. External factors (UV radiation – pollution)
Exposure to aggressive environmental factors, such as ultraviolet radiation,
sunlight, air pollution, and dust particles, can trigger:
● hyperkeratinization,
● excess sebum production,
● oxidation of sebum and pollutants on the skin’s surface.
These mechanisms contribute to the formation of new comedones and lesions.
4. Genetic predisposition
Studies show that heredity plays an important role, as people with a family history of acne are more likely to develop the condition in adulthood.
5. Cosmetics and personal care products
Some skin care and hair care products may be phthalates. The use of products labeled as non-comedogenic, oil-free, and non-pore-clogging is essential for skin prone to acne. For makeup, we recommend water-based products that are free of fragrances and preservatives and provide coverage without weighing down oily skin.
6. Medications
Certain medications (e.g., corticosteroids, anabolic steroids, antiepileptic drugs) may cause or worsen acne. In such cases, any changes to the treatment should only be made in consultation with the treating physician.
7. Underlying medical conditions
Persistent adult acne may be a manifestation of underlying medical conditions, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In such cases, investigation and collaboration with other medical specialties are crucial.
Psychological impact
Symptoms such as reduced self-confidence, low self-esteem, and social awkwardness are frequently reported by patients. Acne in adulthood is often perceived as “abnormal” or “unexpected,” which increases the psychological burden.
Treatment
Despite its effects, adult acne is treatable. Παρά τις επιπτώσεις της, η ακμή των ενηλίκων είναι θεραπεύσιμη.